Estilo indirecto
El estilo indirecto cuenta lo que otra persona dijo o preguntó. En la parte 4 se pide mucho, sobre todo con verbos de introducción como suggest, accuse o deny, que tienen su propia estructura.
Cambios de tiempo cuando el verbo de introducción va en pasado
- present simple → past simple
I work pasa a she worked.
- She said she worked in a bank.
- present continuous → past continuous
I'm looking pasa a he was looking.
- He told me he was looking for a new job.
- present perfect y past simple → past perfect
I've seen pasa a she had seen. I saw pasa a she had seen, aunque a menudo se queda en past simple.
- She said she had already seen the film.
- He told us he had lost his keys the day before.
- will → would, can → could, must → had to
Los modales también retroceden (must de obligación → had to; must de deducción se mantiene); might, could, should, would y ought to no cambian.
- They said they would call back later.
- preguntas
Orden de frase afirmativa, sin do ni did. Para preguntas de sí o no, if o whether.
- She asked me where I lived.
- He asked whether I was coming to the party.
- órdenes y peticiones: tell/ask + persona + (not) to
La orden pasa a infinitivo.
- The doctor told me not to lift anything heavy.
Verbos de introducción y su estructura
- suggest + -ing / suggest (that) + sujeto + (should) + verbo
Nunca con persona + to. Should se puede omitir: She suggested we took a taxi.
- Tom suggested going to the beach.
- She suggested that we should take a taxi.
- advise, warn, remind, persuade, encourage + persona + to
Llevan objeto y luego infinitivo.
- My teacher advised me to read more in English.
- offer, refuse, agree, promise, threaten + to
Sin objeto delante del infinitivo.
- He refused to answer the question.
- admit, deny + -ing
Para algo anterior, también having + participio.
- He denied taking the money.
- She admitted having made a mistake.
- apologise for, accuse of, insist on, blame for + -ing
Preposición fija y luego -ing.
- She apologised for being late.
- They accused him of cheating in the exam.
Otros cambios
También cambian las referencias de tiempo y lugar: now pasa a then, today a that day, tomorrow a the next day o the following day, yesterday a the day before o the previous day, ago a before, here a there, this a that, next week a the following week y last week a the week before.
Dónde aparece en el examen
- Parte 4: la palabra clave suele ser el verbo de introducción (suggested, accused, denied, warned, apologised) o whether. Lo difícil es su estructura, no el cambio de tiempo.
- Parte 2: faltan whether, if, not (de told me not to), had o that.
Trampas típicas
- Say no lleva la persona como objeto directo; tell sí: She said (to me) that…, She told me that….
- En una pregunta indirecta no hay inversión ni do: I asked her what time it was.
- Si lo que se dijo sigue siendo verdad, puedes mantener el tiempo: He said he lives in Madrid.
- En la parte 4 cuenta las palabras: apologised for being son tres.
Ojo.«Me dijo que» se traduce con told me, no con said me. ✗ She said me that she was tired. ✓ She told me that she was tired.
Ojo.Las preguntas indirectas no llevan el orden de pregunta. ✗ Can you tell me where is the station? ✓ Can you tell me where the station is?
Ojo.«Me sugirió que llamara» no se dice con persona + to. ✗ He suggested me to call the bank. ✓ He suggested that I should call the bank.
Dónde cae en el examen
- Parte 2 · Open cloze , con ejercicios de muestra
- Parte 4 · Key word transformation , con ejercicios de muestra