Estructuras de la parte 4
En la parte 4 completas una segunda frase con 2 a 5 palabras, incluida la palabra clave, que no puedes cambiar. Las contracciones cuentan como dos palabras (can't, como una). Estas son las estructuras que más se repiten. Cada ejemplo da la frase original y la completada, con lo que va en el hueco resaltado.
54 filas
| Estructura | Qué reescribe |
|---|---|
| accuse somebody of + -ing | una acusación en estilo directo 'You took my pen,' she said to him. → She accused him of taking her pen. |
| advise somebody to + infinitivo | un consejo con should o ought to 'You should rest,' the doctor told me. → The doctor advised me to rest. |
| apologise for + -ing | una disculpa con I'm sorry 'I'm sorry I'm late,' said Tom. → Tom apologised for being late. |
| as long as | una condición con if You can borrow my car if you drive carefully. → You can borrow my car as long as you drive carefully. También provided (that). + presente para el futuro. |
| ask if / whether | una pregunta de sí o no 'Are you coming?' she asked me. → She asked me if I was coming. Orden de afirmación: sujeto + verbo, sin auxiliar de pregunta. |
| be + participio | una oración activa en pasiva They will open the new library next month. → The new library will be opened next month. Mantén el tiempo verbal de la activa en el verbo be. |
| be bound to + infinitivo | algo que es seguro que pasará It's certain to rain this afternoon. → It is bound to rain this afternoon. |
| be said to + infinitivo | People say that... pasado a pasiva: el sujeto de la oración subordinada pasa a ser el sujeto (He is said to...) People say he is very rich. → He is said to be very rich. Igual con believed, thought, expected, known. En pasado: is said to have been. |
| be supposed to + infinitivo | una norma o lo que se espera de alguien You should arrive at nine. → You are supposed to arrive at nine. |
| be used to + -ing | algo que ya no te resulta extraño Living in a big city isn't strange for me any more. → I am used to living in a big city. Detrás de to va -ing. También get used to. |
| can't have + participio | la seguridad de que algo no pasó I'm sure he didn't see us. → He can't have seen us. Para el pasado no se usa mustn't have con este sentido. |
| can't help + -ing | algo que no puedes evitar hacer I couldn't stop laughing. → I couldn't help laughing. |
| deny + -ing | una negación de algo que se ha hecho 'I didn't break the window,' said Sam. → Sam denied breaking the window. También deny having broken. |
| despite + -ing | una oración con although Although he was tired, he kept working. → Despite being tired, he kept working. También in spite of + -ing. |
| had better + infinitivo | un consejo fuerte con should You should leave now. → You had better leave now. Sin to. Negativo: had better not. |
| have + participio + for | un pasado con ago I started working here three years ago. → I have worked here for three years. Con un momento en lugar de una duración: since. |
| have difficulty + -ing | find it hard to... I found it hard to understand him. → I had difficulty understanding him. También have difficulty in + -ing. |
| have something done | alguien hace algo por ti, por encargo A mechanic repaired my car yesterday. → I had my car repaired yesterday. Orden fijo: have + objeto + participio. También con get, más informal. |
| if + had + participio | una situación pasada que no ocurrió I didn't know, so I didn't call you. → If I had known, I would have called you. Tercer condicional: en la oración con if no va would. |
| if it hadn't been for | algo pasó solo gracias a alguien o algo We only won because of Lucy. → If it hadn't been for Lucy, we wouldn't have won. En presente: If it weren't for. También but for + sustantivo. |
| if only + pasado | un deseo sobre el presente, con It's a pity It's a pity I don't live near the sea. → If only I lived near the sea. Igual que wish, con más fuerza. |
| in case | una precaución con because ... might Take an umbrella because it might rain. → Take an umbrella in case it rains. Detrás de in case va presente, no will. |
| insist on + -ing | alguien que se empeña en hacer algo 'You must let me pay,' said Ana. → Ana insisted on paying. |
| it is believed that | People believe that... con it como sujeto People believe the castle is haunted. → It is believed that the castle is haunted. Igual con said, thought, reported. |
| it takes somebody + tiempo + to | spend + tiempo + -ing I spent two hours doing the report. → It took me two hours to do the report. |
| it's not worth + -ing | There's no point in... There's no point in repairing the TV. → It's not worth repairing the TV. |
| it's the first time + presente perfecto | una frase con never ... before I've never been here before. → It's the first time I've been here. |
| it's time + sujeto + pasado | should + infinitivo We should go home now. → It's time we went home. También It's high time we went. |
| less ... than | una comparación con -er than, al revés This phone is cheaper than that one. → This phone is less expensive than that one. |
| look forward to + -ing | las ganas de que algo llegue I'm excited about seeing you next week. → I'm looking forward to seeing you next week. to es preposición: detrás va -ing. |
| make up your mind | decide I can't decide which one to buy. → I can't make up my mind which one to buy. El posesivo cambia con el sujeto: make up her mind. |
| might have + participio | una posibilidad en pasado con perhaps Perhaps she missed the train. → She might have missed the train. También may have y could have. |
| must have + participio | la seguridad de que algo pasó I'm sure she forgot. → She must have forgotten. |
| needn't have + participio | algo que se hizo sin que hiciera falta I bought milk, but we already had some. → I needn't have bought milk. didn't need to buy suele indicar que no lo compraste. |
| not ... enough | una frase con too The water is too cold to swim in. → The water isn't warm enough to swim in. enough va detrás del adjetivo y delante del sustantivo. |
| not as ... as | una comparación con -er than, vista desde el otro lado Tom is taller than Sam. → Sam is not as tall as Tom. También not so ... as. |
| nowhere near as ... as | una diferencia grande con much worse o much better The film is much worse than the book. → The film is nowhere near as good as the book. |
| prevent somebody from + -ing | stop somebody doing The rain stopped us playing. → The rain prevented us from playing. |
| remind somebody to + infinitivo | un Don't forget to... 'Don't forget to call your mother,' Dad said to me. → Dad reminded me to call my mother. |
| run out of | have no more We have no more milk. → We have run out of milk. |
| should have + participio | un error o un lamento del pasado It was a mistake not to book a table. → We should have booked a table. |
| spend + tiempo + -ing | it takes + tiempo + to It took me a long time to write the report. → I spent a long time writing the report. |
| succeed in + -ing | manage to She managed to find a job. → She succeeded in finding a job. |
| such a + adjetivo + sustantivo + that | una frase con so + adjetivo + that The film was so boring that I left. → It was such a boring film that I left. |
| suggest + -ing | una propuesta con Let's... o Why don't we... 'Let's go to the beach,' said Mark. → Mark suggested going to the beach. Nunca suggest somebody to. También suggested that we (should) go. |
| the + comparativo, the + comparativo | dos cosas que cambian a la vez If you practise more, you'll get better. → The more you practise, the better you'll get. |
| the + superlativo + I've ever | una frase con never ... such I've never seen such a beautiful beach. → It's the most beautiful beach I've ever seen. |
| there's no need to | You don't have to... You don't have to bring anything. → There's no need to bring anything. |
| unless | if... not If you don't hurry, you'll miss the bus. → You'll miss the bus unless you hurry. unless ya es negativo: el verbo va en afirmativa. |
| used to + infinitivo | un hábito del pasado que ya no existe I don't play tennis now, but I did when I was young. → I used to play tennis when I was young. |
| warn somebody not to + infinitivo | una advertencia con Don't... 'Don't touch the cooker,' she told us. → She warned us not to touch the cooker. |
| wish + had + participio | un lamento sobre el pasado I regret not studying harder. → I wish I had studied harder. |
| wish + pasado | un deseo sobre el presente I'm sorry I can't drive. → I wish I could drive. can → could, am → were o was. |
| would rather + sujeto + pasado | una preferencia sobre lo que hace otra persona I'd prefer you not to smoke here. → I would rather you didn't smoke here. Con el mismo sujeto: would rather + infinitivo sin to. |
Dónde cae en el examen
- Parte 4 · Key word transformation , con ejercicios de muestra